Thickening agent for detergent containing preparations

ABSTRACT

A thickening agent comprising polyether derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R 1  is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical or an alkylphenol radical having 10 or more carbon atoms, n is 10 to 100, m is 0 to 25, and p is 1 to 3, and wherein R 2  is an alkyl radical having 8 to 30 carbon atoms. These polyether derivatives are prepared by the gradual addition of a long-chain 1,2-epoxy having a chain length of 10 to 32 carbon atoms at temperatures from 100° to 200° C., to either (1) a polyethylene glycol monoether having an average molecular weight of 800 to 5000, the monoether group thereof being a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical having at least 10 carbon atoms; or to (2) a polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol monoether with an average molecular weight of 850 to 6300, and having repeating ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units each forming a polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol block, respectively, the polypropylene glycol block having an average molecular weight of no more than 1300, and the monoether group forming the end of the polyethylene glycol block and being a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical having at least 10 carbon atoms. This thickening agent is prepared using 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of an alkali hydroxide; referring to the total quantity of the long-chain epoxy and the monoether.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 710,173, filed Mar. 11, 1985, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation of application Ser. No. 470,803, filed Feb. 28, 1983, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention refers to thickening agents based upon polyether derivatives. Thickening agents are used for the thickening of natural and synthetic oils, aqueous electrolyte solutions, and aqueous solutions of organic substances. Their use facilitates the handling of liquids used as household chemicals. Thickening agents are also customarily used in electrolyte solutions, which are required in batteries. Heretofore, waxes, carboxyalkyl celluloses, starch, xanthan gum, or high-molecular esters have been used as thickening agents.

It is customary to use thickening agents for cosmetic, detergent-containing preparations so as to stabilize the disperse systems and for better handling during use. In the case of ether sulfates, it is customary to thicken the preparations with inorganic electrolytes, preferably with common salt. In the case of other detergents, use is, for example, made of distearyl polyglycolester, cellulose derivatives, or natural and synthetic soluble polymers. The preparations obtained in this manner exhibit a behavior that is structurally viscous and/or thixotropic.

According to DIN 53900, detergents are chemical compounds which, when dissolved or dispersed in a liquid, are preferentially adsorbed on an interface. A number of physicochemical or chemical characteristics of practical significance result. The expression "interface-active compound" is herein used synonymously with "detergent". Further, "detergent-containing preparations" are defined herein as mixtures containing detergents as essential constituents.

The object of the present invention was to find a thickening agent having the viscosity behavior of a Newtonian liquid and, in addition, having hydrolysis-resistance under customary conditions of use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a thickening agent comprising a polyether derivative prepared by the gradual addition of a long-chain 1,2-epoxy having a chain length of 10 to 32 carbon atoms, at temperatures from 100° to 200° C., to either (1) a polyethylene glycol monoether having an average molecular weight of 800 to 5000, the monoether group being a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical having at least 10 carbon atoms; or to (2) a polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol monoether with an average molecular weight of 850 to 6300, and having repeating ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units each forming a polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol block, respectively, the polypropylene glycol block having an average molecular weight of no more than 1300, the monoether group forming the end of the polyethylene glycol block and being a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical having at least 10 carbon atoms, and wherein the agent is prepared using 0.1 to 1% by weight of an alkali hydroxide, the weight being based upon the total weight of the long-chain epoxy and the monoether. The polyether derivative corresponds to the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R₁ is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon or alkyl phenol radical having 10 or more carbon atoms, n is 10 to 100, m is 0 to 25 and p is 1 to 3, and wherein R₂ is an alkyl radical having 8 to 30 carbon atoms. The values of n, m, and p, wherever they appear in the present specification and claims, are to be understood as representing average values.

Preferably, the ether group (R₁) is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 10 to 22 carbon atoms. Yet another preferred embodiment is the present polyether derivatives wherein the ether group (R₁) is a straight-chained hydrocarbon radical, and good thickening agents are also obtained when the ether group is an alkylphenol radical having an alkyl chain length of 7 to 15 carbon atoms. The preferred chain length of the long-chain epoxy is from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, that is, where R₂ contains from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The manufacture is carried out in a manner analogous to the reactions of alcohols with 1,2-epoxies described in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie (Methods of Organic Chemistry), vol. 14.2, pp. 436-450. Pursuant to the invention, the thickening agent is used for anhydrous, liquid systems, such as polyalkylene glycols; special fatty acid esters like trimethylol propaneoleate or diisodecyl adipate; organic salts, for example, diethanolamine salts; or vegetable oils, such as soybean oil or castor oil; for detergent-free aqueous solutions, as for example acid solutions, electrolyte solutions or alcohol solutions; or for detergent-containing preparations, whereby the content of polyether derivative in the detergent-containing preparation amounts to 0.5 to 10% by weight, referred to the weight of the preparation. The detergent-containing preparation may be used as a household cleaning agent, cosmetic emulsion or cosmetic gel, hairdressing preparation, foam bath, or the like. Detergent-containing preparations making use of the polyether derivative pursuant to the invention may also be used in liquids for hydraulic purposes, in treatment liquids for the cutting or non-cutting processing of materials, or the like.

Preferably, the concentration of detergents in detergent-containing preparations incorporating the present polyether derivative is 1 to 40% by weight. At this concentration, the detergents partially solubilize the thickening agent. This effect is particularly pertinent to the detergent-containing preparations such as hydraulic fluids or liquids for the cutting or non-cutting type processing of materials. In addition to the aforementioned applications, detergent-containing preparations with thickening agents are also employed in the foodstuff industry, for example, as a sugar anti-crystallant or for the fixing of flavors. Such preparations are also useful in paper making and the textile industry.

For an improvement of their handling, detergent-free or detergent-containing household chemicals may be thickened with the thickening agents pursuant to the invention to reach higher viscosities. These include acids for cleaning purposes in hospital areas, alcohol solutions for cleaning and care purposes, and stripping agents for coats of paint. Naturally, the thickening agents pursuant to the invention can also be used for detergent-free preparations intended for the food industry, as well as for electrolyte solutions for batteries, and also for vegetable oils such as castor oil and soybean oil.

The following examples, while not intended to be limiting, demonstrate several preferred embodiments of the invention.

EXAMPLE 1

Thickening agents pursuant to the invention are prepared by mixing at 80° C. 0.2 mole of a fatty alcohol ethoxylate melt with 0.5% of 90% potassium hydroxide powder in a three-necked flask equipped with stirrer and descending condenser. The percentage of the alkali hydroxide added herein is based upon the total weight of all ingredients used to manufacture the thickening agent, i.e., the fatty alcohol ethoxylate and the epoxyalkane. Nitrogen is passed through the flask, while the temperature is held at 80° C. for 30 minutes. The contents are then heated to 140° C. under a water-jet vacuum (12 to 14 Torr), maintaining the vacuum for 30 minutes. After releasing the vacuum by adding nitrogen, 0.2 mole of epoxyalkane is added drop-by-drop over one hour. The epoxy reaction is completed after an additional two hour reaction time. The mix is cooled to 80° C. and the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7 with glacial acetic acid. The products prepared according to this procedure and their characteristics are listed in the following table:

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                                                   Average                                              Pro-                      Molecular                                                                              Flow   Appear-                               duct R.sub.1 n     R.sub.2                                                                               Weight  Range  ance                                  ______________________________________                                         A    oleyl   40    decyl  2450    44-45° C.                                                                      yellowish                                                                      wax                                   B    nonyl-  50    decyl  2150    43-45° C.                                                                      brownish                                   phenol                              wax                                   C    tallow  60    dodecyl                                                                               2800    48° C.                                                                         clear wax                                  radical                                                                   D    tallow  80    decyl  3400    49-51° C.                                                                      yellowish                                  radical                             wax                                   ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 2

Using the thickening agents prepared in Example 1, detergent-containing preparations were formulated with the various detergents whose chemical compositions are shown in Table 3. The viscosity of these preparations was determined at 20° C. with a Couette rotation viscometer, model Haake CV 100.

Detergent-containing preparations similar to those of the present invention but using sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol-6000-distearate instead of the present polyether derivatives were prepared for comparison purposes and are listed at Examples 2(j), (k), (s), and (t). Examples 2(r) and (t) show the difference in storage stability between detergent-containing preparations containing the thickening agent pursuant to the invention and that of detergent-containing preparations containing the known stabilizer, polyethylene glycol-6000-distearate. Upon measuring the viscosities of the two detergent-containing preparations after 25 days of storage at 50° C., the viscosity of the product pursuant to the invention remained practically constant, whereas the viscosity of the comparison product dropped to about 1/20th of its original viscosity. The results of the viscosity measurements for Examples 2(a) to (t) have been compiled in Table 2, which also shows the composition of the detergent-containing preparation in question.

FIG. 1 demonstrates the dependence of the viscosity upon the shear velocity for Example 2(k) (curve A) and 2(l) (curve B). From the curves, it is apparent that the use of the present thickening agent imparts Newtonian (shear-independent) viscosity characteristics to detergent-containing preparations. In contrast, when common salt is used in corresponding detergent-containing preparations, the preparations exhibit a structurally viscous (shear-dependent) behavior. Thickening agents are intended to raise the viscosity of detergent-containing preparations and maintain that viscosity regardless of external factors, and it is thus undesirable when the viscosity declines at higher shear velocities.

                                      TABLE 2                                      __________________________________________________________________________                Detergent                   Viscosity                                    Detergent                                                                            Concentration,                                                                         Thickening                                                                               Ratio, Thickening                                                                        (20° C.)                                                                     at a shear                                                                          Rheolog.                      Example                                                                             (Table 3)                                                                            %       Agent (Table 1)                                                                          Agent/Detergent                                                                          mPa s                                                                               rate, s.sup.-1                                                                      Behavior                      __________________________________________________________________________     a    R      7      C          1:1.4    1,300                                                                               50   Newtonian                     b    R     21      C          1:4.2    6,500                                                                               20   "                             c    R     14      C          1:3.5      620                                                                               150  "                             d    R     14      C           1:1.75  44,000                                                                               3   "                             e    R      2      C          2.5:1      30 300  "                             f    R     14      D          1:3.5      450                                                                               150  "                             g    S     18      B          1:2.6      160                                                                               90   "                             h    T     15      A          1:2.5      990                                                                               90   "                             i    R     14      --         --          3 300  "                             j    R     14      NaCl       1:3.5       9 300  "                             k    U     14      NaCl       1:4.7    2,000                                                                               30   struc. viscous                l    U     14      C          1:2.8    3,500                                                                               30   Newtonian                     m    V     14      C          1:2.8       700                                                                              150  "                             n    W     14      C          1:2.8    3,500                                                                               30   "                             o    X     14      C          1:2.8      250                                                                               150  "                             p    Y     14      C          1:2.8      250                                                                               150  "                             q    R     14      C          1:2.3    14,400                                                                              12   "                             r    R     14      C          1:2.3    14,300                                                                              12    "**                          s    R     14      Z          1:2.3    3,290                                                                               60   "                             t    R     14      Z          1:2.3      170                                                                               60    "**                                             PLG 6000 di-stearate                                        __________________________________________________________________________      **After 25 days of storage at 50° C.                              

                  TABLE 3                                                          ______________________________________                                                  Type                                                                  ______________________________________                                         Detergent                                                                      R          anionic     alpha-olefin sulfonate                                                         (sodium salt), based upon a                                                    C.sub.14 -C.sub.16 alphaolefin                          S          anionic     sulfosuccinic monoester                                                        (disodium salt) based upon                                                     an ethoxylated fatty                                                           acid alkylol                                            T          nonionogenic/                                                                              dimethylcocosamine oxide                                           cationic                                                            U          anionic     alkylethersulfate (sodium                                                      salt) based upon a C.sub.12 -C.sub.15                                          ethoxylated fatty alcohol                                                      with 2.5 moles ethylene oxide                           V          anionic     alkylsulfate (triethanolamine                                                  salt) based upon a C.sub.12 -C.sub.14                                          fatty alcohol                                           W          amphoteric  fatty acid amidopropyl-di-                                         betaine type                                                                               methylaminoacetic acid                                  X          nonionogenic                                                                               sorbitan monolaurate,                                                          ethoxylated, with about 20                                                     moles ethylene oxide                                    Y          cationic    alkyldimethyl benzyl                                                           ammoniumchloride based                                                         upon C.sub.12 -C.sub.14  alkyl group                    Thickening agent                                                               Z                      polyethylene glycol-                                                           6000-distearate                                         ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 3

The thickening agent designated Product C in Example 1 (Table 1), which had first been melted at 75° C., was added with stirring to aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, orthophosphoric acid, citric acid, common salt, calcium chloride, urea, ethylene glycol, glycerin and D(-)sorbitol, which had been heated to 75° C. After cooling to room temperature, the solutions are clear as water, stable, and viscous.

Viscous, aqueous solutions of ethanol and isopropanol were prepared as follows. At 75° C., the melted thickening agent referred to as Product C in Example 1 (Table 1), was added with stirring to water at 75° C. After cooling to about 30° C., ethanol or isopropanol was added with stirring. After cooling to room temperature, the solutions are clear as water, stable, and viscous.

The viscosity of the aqueous, viscous systems was measured at 25° C. with a KPG-Ubbelohde viscometer with suspended ball level, DIN 51562. The kinematic viscosity is expressed in cST. The compositions of the mixtures and the results of the viscosity measurements are compiled in Table 4.

                  TABLE 4                                                          ______________________________________                                         Thickening of aqueous solutions of electrolytes and alcohols                   with Thickening Agent C (Table 1).                                                                 Conc. of Concentration                                                                           Viscosity                                        Solution to solution of thickened                                                                            cST,                                     Examples                                                                               be thickened                                                                               %        subst. % 25° C.                            ______________________________________                                                     water       --     10       250                                    I           hydro       10     --       1.02                                               chloric acid                                                       I     a.    hydro       10     10       215                                                chloric acid                                                       II          sulfuric acid                                                                              10     --       1.08                                   II    a.    sulfuric acid                                                                              10     10       823                                    III         orthophos   10     --       1.17                                               phoric acid                                                        III   a.    orthophos   10     10       810                                                phoric acid                                                        IV          citric acid  9     --       1.08                                   IV    a.    citric acid  9     9        90                                     IV    b.    citric acid 18     --       1.31                                   IV    c.    citric acid 18     9        115                                    IV    d.    citric acid 27     --       1.63                                   IV    e.    citric acid 27     9        170                                    V           sodium chloride                                                                            10     --       1.01                                   V     a.    sodium chloride                                                                            10     10       425                                    VI          calcium     10     --       1.11                                               chloride                                                           VI    a.    calcium     10     10       400                                                chloride                                                           VII         urea        10     --       0.97                                   VII   a.    urea        10     10       823                                    VIII        ethanol      9     --       1.27                                   VIII  a.    ethanol      9     9        72                                     VIII  b.    ethanol     18     --       1.72                                   VIII  c.    ethanol     18     9        50                                     IX          propanol-2   9     --       1.38                                   IX    a.    propanol-2   9     9        108                                    IX    b.    propanol-2  18     --       2.01                                   IX    c.    propanol-2  18     9        51                                     X           ethylene glycol                                                                             9     --       1.11                                   X     a.    ethylene glycol                                                                             9     9        66                                     X     b.    ethylene glycol                                                                            18     --       1.34                                   X     c.    ethylene glycol                                                                            18     9        72                                     XI          glycerin     9     --       1.12                                   XI    a.    glycerin     9     9        57                                     XI    b.    glycerin    18     --       1.45                                   XI    c.    glycerin    18     9        75                                     XII         D(-)sorbitol                                                                                9     --       1.14                                   XII   a.    D(-)sorbitol                                                                                9     9        81                                     XII   b.    D(-)sorbitol                                                                               18     --       1.48                                   XII   c.    D(-)sorbitol                                                                               18     9        134                                    ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 4

The liquids numbered W1 to W8 in Table 5 were thickened with thickening agent C in Example 1 (Table 1) by finely dispersing the thickening agent with stirring at temperatures between 70° and 90° C. After cooling to room temperature, the resulting dispersions were turbid, but stable and viscous. The viscosities of these non-aqueous, stable, viscous dispersions, as well as those of the corresponding liquids without the addition of thickening agent, were measured at 25° C. with a Brookfield synchrolectric viscometer, model LVT. The dynamic viscosity is expressed in cP. The results are likewise compiled in Table 5.

                                      TABLE 5                                      __________________________________________________________________________                             Conc. of thickening                                                                         Viscosity                                                                           (Brookfield)                         Experiment                                                                            Liquids          agent (%) (C of Table 1)                                                                    cP, 25° C.                                                                   rpm                                                                               spindle                           __________________________________________________________________________     I   W1 polyethylene glycol                                                                             --             95 12 4                                 Ia     400              5            10,000                                                                              12 4                                 II  W2 polyethylene glycol 400-monoester                                                               --             100                                                                               12 4                                 IIa    of an isomeric oleic acid                                                                       5            3,500                                                                               12 4                                 III W3 diethanolamine salt of an                                                                       --           1,040                                                                               12 4                                 IIIa   isomeric oleic acid                                                                             5            20,000                                                                              12 4                                 IV  W4 trimethylol propane                                                                             --             190                                                                               12 4                                 IVa    oleate           5            12,500                                                                              12 4                                 V   W5 trimethylol propane ester                                                                       --             30 12 3                                 Va     C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 fatty acids                                                                   5            1,900                                                                               12 3                                 VI  W6 diisodecyl adipate                                                                              --             16 12 3                                 VIa                     5            1,700                                                                               12 3                                 VII W7 soybean oil type SEH                                                                            --             50 12 4                                 VIIa                    5            1,500                                                                               12 4                                 VIII                                                                               W8 castor oil, DIN  --             625                                                                               12 4                                 VIIIa  55939, DRO brand 5            18,500                                                                              12 4                                 __________________________________________________________________________ 

What is claimed is:
 1. A thickening agent comprising a polyether compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein: R₁ is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 10 to 22 carbon atoms or alkylphenol radical having an alkyl chain length of 7 to 15 carbon atoms;R₂ is an alkyl radical having 8 to 30 carbon atoms; n=40 to 80; and p=1 to 3;said compound being water soluble and solid at room temperature.
 2. A thickening agent according to claim 1, wherein R₁ is a tallow radical.
 3. A thickening agent according to claim 1, wherein R₂ is an alkyl radical having 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
 4. A thickening agent according to claim 1, wherein p=1.
 5. A thickening agent according to claim 2, wherein p=1.
 6. A thickening agent according to claim 3, wherein p=1.
 7. A thickening agent according to claim 1, wherein said compound has an average molecular weight in the range of about 2150 to
 3400. 